Pawsitive selection

Released on by Mia Persson
preview-18

  • Pawsitive selection Book Detail

  • Author : Mia Persson
  • Release Date : 2020-01-21
  • Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
  • Genre :
  • Pages : 35
  • ISBN 13 : 9179299377
  • File Size : 66,66 MB
DOWNLOAD BOOK

Pawsitive selection by Mia Persson PDF Summary

Book Description: Through domestication and recent selection, dogs have evolved a unique set of communicative skills to attract and redirect human attention. These social skills have not been seen to the same extent in socialised wolves and are therefore believed to have a significant genetic basis. The process of domestication and breed formation has also had effects on the structure of the dog genome that are favourable for genetic mapping. With a high amount of linkage and long haplotype blocks, fewer genetic markers are needed to find gene-trait associations in dogs than in humans. Dogs serve as an important research model for us since humans and dogs share several diseases, psychiatric disorders and behavioural traits. In Paper I, I recorded human-directed social behaviours during a two-minute unsolvable problem task in 500 laboratory beagles. The dogs were living at a breeding facility and had been bred, kept and handled under standardised conditions. Behaviours related to task solving and human-directed contact seeking were separated in a principal component analysis, indicating that the behavioural test can be used to study dog-human interaction. Narrowsense heritability (h2) of the largest principal component related to contact seeking behaviours was estimated to 0.23. This study found a significant genetic basis to the variation seen in human-directed contact seeking behaviours recorded in this population. Next, in Paper II, we collected and genotyped the DNA of 190 of the previously tested beagles with an HD Canine SNP-chip. To find genes associated with human-directed contact seeking I performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS), showing one significant and two suggestive single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers on chromosome 26. The significant SNP is located within a gene named SEZ6L, previously associated with autism in human studies. Two adjacent SNPs with suggestive association were found within a gene called ARVCF, which has been associated with schizophrenia. To our knowledge, this was the first genome-wide study to present regions within the dog genome associated with inter-species communication in dogs. However, these results could have been unique to this beagle population, so Paper III aimed to verify our previous findings in additional dog breeds. We tested 100 Labrador retrievers and 61 golden retrievers with the same unsolvable problem-task used in Paper I. Their DNA was collected and each individual was genotyped by pyrosequencing on two of the previously identified SNPs. To study the effects of recent selection, the Labrador retrievers were divided into two types. The common type is mainly bred and used for dog shows and as a pet, while the field type is mainly bred and used for hunting purposes. In this study, we found that both markers varied in both dog breeds and was significantly associated with human-directed contact-seeking behaviours. Allele frequencies differed significantly between Labrador retriever types, suggesting that these loci have been affected by recent selection. In conclusion, Paper III verifies the results found in Paper II. Finally, in Paper IV we investigated the association between dogs’ human-directed social skills and previously known SNP markers in the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) region. The oxytocin system plays an important role in the formation of social bonds and may therefore also be important in the bond between dogs and humans. Here, we hypothesized that dogs receiving intranasal oxytocin respond differently to the hormone, depending on the receptor type. To investigate this, 60 golden retrievers were genotyped for SNP markers in the OXTR region and tested with the unsolvable problem task used in Paper I and III. An association was found between genotype and social behaviour in response to oxytocin administration. Dogs responded differently to oxytocin treatment, depending on OXTR genotype. In summary, this thesis contributes to the knowledge on genetic influence of interspecies communication in dogs.

Disclaimer: www.yourbookbest.com does not own Pawsitive selection books pdf, neither created or scanned. We just provide the link that is already available on the internet, public domain and in Google Drive. If any way it violates the law or has any issues, then kindly mail us via contact us page to request the removal of the link.

Pawsitive selection

Pawsitive selection

File Size : 59,59 MB
Total View : 5641 Views
DOWNLOAD

Through domestication and recent selection, dogs have evolved a unique set of communicative skills to attract and redirect human attention. These social skills

Purely Positive Training

Purely Positive Training

File Size : 59,59 MB
Total View : 4199 Views
DOWNLOAD

Train your dog the positive way. Includes how to raise a puppy positively, how to build a strong relationship, manners training, teaching a really reliable reca

Cat Talk

Cat Talk

File Size : 11,11 MB
Total View : 2143 Views
DOWNLOAD

Sonya Fitzpatrick’s “unique ability to communicate with all creatures great and small has brought her international attention as the premiere animal communi

Bear's Amazing Brain

Bear's Amazing Brain

File Size : 30,30 MB
Total View : 3148 Views
DOWNLOAD

Bear's Amazing Brain Home Edition teaches important social and emotional learning concepts. Through the adventures of Bear and his family and friends, readers l