The Forging of a Black Community

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Seattle's first black resident was a sailor named Manuel Lopes who arrived in 1858 and became the small community's first barber. He left in the early 1870s to

Forging Freedom

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This book is the first to trace the fortunes of the earliest large free black community in the U.S. Nash shows how black Philadelphians struggled to shape a fam

The Forging of a Black Community

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Asians rather than blacks were Seattle's largest racial minority until World War II. Their presence limited African American employment and housing opportunitie

Forging Diaspora

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Cuba's geographic proximity to the United States and its centrality to U.S. imperial designs following the War of 1898 led to the creation of a unique relations

Making Black Los Angeles

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Black Los Angeles started small. The first census of the newly formed Los Angeles County in 1850 recorded only twelve Americans of African descent alongside a p