The Role of Autophagy in Cardiac Aging and Aging-associated Chronic Diseases

Released on by Shuyi Wang
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  • The Role of Autophagy in Cardiac Aging and Aging-associated Chronic Diseases Book Detail

  • Author : Shuyi Wang
  • Release Date : 2019
  • Publisher :
  • Genre : Aging
  • Pages : 143
  • ISBN 13 : 9781658420815
  • File Size : 49,49 MB
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The Role of Autophagy in Cardiac Aging and Aging-associated Chronic Diseases by Shuyi Wang PDF Summary

Book Description: Aging is becoming an escalating issue in the world as human life expectancy continues to rise. Advanced aging imposes a cadre of chronic disease including cardiovascular diseases. The aging heart displays unfavorable changes in both geometry and function including increased left ventricular (LV) mass, reduced cardiac reserve capacity, myocardial fibrosis and increased risk of arrhythmia, contributing to poor exercise capacitance (effort intolerance) and frailty in the elderly. In addition, aging also increases the risk of many chronic diseases that jeopardize the cardiovascular function and quality of life in the elderly. With progressive aging, several pathological conditions including obesity, type II diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s disease and cancer are on the horizon. For example, obesity has been considered as a trigger for premature aging, leading to pathological cardiac remodeling and compromised ventricular function. Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease featured by accumulation of amyloid plaque and neurofibrillary tangles. Alzheimer’s disease may provoke cardiovascular dysfunction impairment of diastolic function. Over the past decades intense effort has been made towards understanding the mechanistic framework behind aging, obesity and Alzheimer’s disease in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular anomalies. An emerging role of dysregulated autophagy, a conservative homeostatic process for cellular quality control by way of disposal and recycling of cellular components, has surfaced in cardiac anomalies under all these pathological settings. To this end, this dissertation research will focus on the underlying mechanism of cardiac remodeling and contractile dysfunction during the normal aging process, as well as aging-associated conditions such as obesity and Alzheimer’s disease. The major findings from my work revealed that (1): Ablation of TLR4 restores autophagy level through the regulation of NCoR1/HDAC and improves heart function in aging; (2): Knocking out of Akt and AMPK facilitates premature cardiac aging in a joint manner; (3): Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) overexpression protects obese heart through SUV39H1-Sirt1 signaling; and (4): Melatonin protects Alzheimer’s disease-associated heart dysfunction through cGAS-STING regulated autophagy in the presence of ALDH2.

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